Religion and Ecology Essay

Every thread of the problems faced by the present human society can be traced back to first industrial revolution of late 18th century and early 19th century that took place in Britain and from where it was embraced by the entire world. The industrial revolution set in motion the process of changes that have since then subsequently transformed the character of not only human society but of entire earth (Gatta, 7). Air, water, land and sky, all bear the effects of the changes inflicted by human march through industrial revolution and the effects have not been pleasant by any order. The modern society is the product of new-classical theory of economics and the anthropocentric view of environment, both of which advocates completely human centered progress and development utilizing all the resources and potentials of the nature and the environment around them (Nassar, 40-46). This view has been at the core of all the human activities and development planning taking place since more than 200 years now and it has encouraged massive rate of consumption and utilization of all the natural resources at an ever increasing scale. As almost a direct evidence of the expanding human footprint on earth, our population has increased from 1 billion to around 7 billion in past 150 years (Gatta, 20). This growth is based on the foundation of an efficient but brutal system that mastered the art of misusing the full spectrum of available natural resources, causing their widespread destruction, contamination, and debilitation. Examples of this destruction can be seen in extensive deforestation around the world, rapid destruction of rainforests in Brazil and Africa, fertile soil erosion, severe contamination of several important rivers of world due to continuous effluence of industrial and municipal sewage, air pollution, ozone layer destruction, depletion of non renewable energy resources especially oil and natural gas, global warming and climatic change. The extensive damage to the natural resources and ecology has deeply imbalanced the natural system, creating a disharmony and conflict with human development and its environment. The destruction of ecology and nature have caused unprecedented rise in extinction rates of animals and plants, who have found their ecological niches disappearing due to human activities. The emergence of massive urban centers around the world where millions of people live within few square kilometers of area exert tremendous pressure on the environmental sources which has put earth’s biodiversity and consequently humanity’s own survival chances at risk (Gatta, 62). The threat that human development is causing to the entire living world, including its own self, has not remained unnoticed and there many global social and political movements have started during past 30 years, with sincere intentions and efforts to create and implement an alternative system of social and economic model where human interests and development share a symbiotic relationship with nature, environment and ecology; where advancement and development have mutual linkage across the entire natural continuum (Nassar, 68). These efforts have been so far varyingly successful, where some countries and regions have adopted one set of selective steps for ecological integration, while others have adopted different set of steps, all determined by their economic convenience and financial constructs (Gatta, 65-69). This has led to an inward analysis and evaluation process in ecology and environmental thinking, which looks at the very basics of our social development and structure and try to re-align them with many old and yet existing religious and community view of social development, which is embedded in ecology and environment. But the question of human pressure and influence on its ecology has several parallel sides, each of which poses its own crucial question. The first question that comes up is that, is human species is constrained by any limiting factor- does its growth and expansion has a maximum attainable size, or can it continue to swell indefinitely, maximizing the resources for itself, for its need for infinite consumption and consequently infinite growth? If this is not possible , then is it possible for human beings to exist and thrive in exact optimum conditions, where population growth, consumption requirements, and growth needs are exactly balanced with the ecosystem, and stay in this balance forever? If the attainment of this balance is not possible then does it mean that for its own survival humanity is causing destruction of other species, destabilizing the ecosystem, and tripping the biosphere? (Gatta, 141-147) Religion and Ecology While all the religions of world have a strong foundation in ethical learning and teachings, with distinct emphasis on concepts of good and bad, divine presence, and determinism, the ancient cultures and indigenous traditions have taken this concept much further to include divinity and God as a part of their local environment and daily living system. The essential principle is same in all the religions, which states that God has created the entire world, including all the nature features, plants and animals, and human beings. However, as it is seen, some of the earlier interpretations of modern religions, such as Christianity, took a rather human centric religious approach (Gatta, 208). In essence, they popularized the notion that man is designed to be the ultimate consumer of all the natural resources, or in other words, the whole natural world exists in order to serve and meet human needs and requirements. This view in considered as one of the acting principle behind neo classical theory of economics as well as anthropocentric world view as discussed earlier. The view of ancient and traditional cultures and religions does not take such an exclusive view of human influence. For example it does not recognize human beings as isolated and separated from their surrounding environment and ecology, neither it sees humans as controller of the natural resources and final arbitrator of their destiny (Nassar, 71). The learning that we receive from these traditional cultures and religions is that we must recognize ourselves as parts of a widely distributed and ranging biotic communities and ecosystems, each of which has its own important role to play in design and creation of God and nature. Human beings occupy a very important niche in nature, but yet its only one of the numerous niches, while the complete scope of the ecology goes much beyond the human considerations and interests (Gatta, 219). Then, there are many internal and subtle relations present between man’s interaction with nature and vice versa. Ecology is not only a biological function of our existence but it also regulates the cultural gradient, the behavioral landscape and the social outlook of people. Therefore, when we deeply disturb the ecosystem through persistent and determined set of harmful activities- acidification of natural resources, toxifying land and water bodies, resource depletion, modification and destruction of habitats and unintended or deliberate elimination of native species, then we destroy our cultural tie from the ecosystem. Howe we act and when we act should always remain attuned to our environmental and ecological perspective. The lessons from the past, and the ecological wisdom of ancient religions should form our guiding principles at every stage of intervention or interference in the ecosystem. Taking a step ahead, it should create a pro-active approach to look into the possible avenues of meaningful interference and interaction to search for, identify and implement the ways in which our impact on our own ecosystem is as free of protuberance as possible (Gatta, 223-232). Our actions should be well reasoned out and their consequences considered in all the possible ranges. The ecosystem balance is dependent upon a vast number of factors, many of them yet unknown or improperly understood, and therefore even an unintended disturbance on our part produce enormous and unexpected ecological backlash. These backlashes symbolize the failure of man’s relation with nature, failure of the understanding and appreciation of ecosystem’s intrinsic value in defining the human niche, and a failure to secure corrective steps to improve the interaction. The ancient and indigenous cultures, such as Inca, red Indians, Buddhism and Chinese culture, took a very different view of the role of humanity in the nature’s order. They did not see nature and its bountiful gifts as resources that require taming, mastering and exploitation. Quite contrary, they viewed man in a wholesome, nurturing and co-dependent relation with the nature, where every aspect of nature, whether it’s a tree or an animal, shares a relationship with the man. Explaining the meaning and depth of this relationship, the older religions and cultures state that as the entire nature is a creation of the God, therefore it’s every part is a close a representation of God, and hence their destruction or violation is a direct violation of God’s own creation (Gatta, 237-241). This idea is further developed in eastern religions where man is viewed as just one part of the infinite range of nature’s creations, with no superiority or ascendency accorded to him over other forms of life or natural features. Human being hold a place in the continuum of natural order, but apart from their wisdom, there is nothing to distinguish them, or accord them the status of master of other resources. The implications of this view cut deep and profound, even for the standard of modern environmentalism and ecological movements. A majority of these movements still see the issue from the point of saving earth and nature from human desire and want of growth-insinuating a weak and fragile nature and a powerful human civilization which is threatening the vulnerable nature (Nassar, 91-96)! This is Older traditions, cultures and religions, take quite an opposite view on this issue, where they see human beings as fragile, vulnerable and dependent upon the nature for their own survival. Nature, on the other hand is all powerful, protean, strong, and controlling lives and deaths-in fact nature is deemed so powerful that it is worshipped in many ancient civilizations and we can see why- the human survival is impossible if the nature dies around (Nassar, 107-111). We have always considered the nature and ecology as taken for granted in our environment; however, if we once stop to consider the situation when all the standing forests have been cut down, all the rivers polluted and turned into industrial sewage, all the natural diversity in animal and vegetation life lost on account of human exploits then it is not difficult to see that the this situation signifies the end of humanity as well-with no resources left, no natural cover to fall back, and left in a barren and dry world, human beings would run out of their capacity to struggle and survive (Gatta, 151-156). Thus the teachings of the indigenous cultures and older religions is towards ingraining humanity into a natural system that is based on mutual benefit, organic growth and interdependent development. This is a holistic, broad, and profound approach, which makes man a factor in the nature’s grand design of world, brining understanding, compassion, humbleness and realization of the coherence and integrity that is pre-requisite for our existence. Reference Gatta, John. Making Nature Sacred: Literature, Religion, and Environment in America from the Puritans to the Present. Oxford University Press, 2004. 291 p. Nasar, Sayyed Hossein. Religion & the Order of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1996 . 312 p

Rap Music Essay

Often times when people hear about Hip Hop/Rap music, they’ll paint a picture in their heads of black men cussing, guns, marijuana, lots of gold, and girls looking like prostitutes. Parents and teachers put an image in their kid’s head that Rap music is â€Å"bad†, and they don’t want their kids to be influenced by something that is negative. With the way Rap music is advertised in the US, I would have to agree with that looking at it from an average parent’s point of view. But what people don’t know is that Hip Hop isn’t just a type of music, it’s a culture. It’s a culture full of original elements, and it’s also a place where people can show others what they’ve got and who they are. Within this original society called Hip Hop, there are basically four main elements of MC, Break, Tag, and DJ. And each is represented by millions of people all over the globe. When the four come together, it makes Hip Hop musi c, and people live the music instead of listening to it. MC-ing is what people know as rapping. The main point of an MC is to make your crowd enjoy your music, and to send a message out to them. Unlike most of the lyrics out on the market today, Hip Hop contains meaning and it sends a message to the listeners. Although those messages might have bad words, and show images of things that are socially wrong, that’s actually what’s going on where they are from, and that’s who they are. Their music represents their area and their people, and it’s no different from a farmer singing about his cows and chickens in Idaho. Besides, â€Å"Gangster Rap† isn ’t the only type of Hip Hop music, it’s actually only a small sect of it all. Many rappers put out lyrics about what they believe in, their own philosophies, entertaining others, and although it may seem unlikely, many lyricists seem like Einstein to me. Just like all of the other geniuses like Newton, Galileo, and musically Jimi, there are MCs that are geniuses too. What makes those guys remarkable compared to others are their strength and choice of words, and their flow, or the melody, of their rhymes. I personally can’t relate to the ghetto, guns, and all of that â€Å"gangster† stuff, so I don’t listen to that genre all that much, but there are many elements people can pick up from the Hip Hop music. There is a whole Japanese Hip Hop scene that is growing bigger and bigger, and that’s what I personally live. The next element is Breaking. Breaking is a term used for dancing, and most people know it as Break Dancing. Although Breaking has become a small part of the whole dance scene in Hip Hop today, it’s the first form of Hip Hop dances. People spin on their heads, do handstands, slide with just their hands on the ground, spin on the floor with their legs spread out, and all kinds of astonishing moves. This is probably the most popular form of Hip Hop in Japan today because its so easy to begin and watch. DJs have one simple task: make people dance. Or that’s what it used to be. Before, their main goal was to have the knowledge of the music so they can make people dance according to the mood and time. Also scratching records were their performance. Now, DJs have lots more jobs and probably the toughest element of all. Most DJs team up with MCs so they can act as the rhythm section of the Hip Hop performance, and to do that and be original, they must create sounds of their own. They basically make the beats and the MCs lay the words on it. The steps to be able to make beats and tracks takes lots of time, money, and mind, so most DJs don’t/can’t take a step further into the scene. Today, more and more artists are creating their own tracks, for the money, and they tend to realize that they can’t be rapping at age 40 while its perfectly normal for a 40 year old to be playing the guitar. It ’s not wrong to say that DJs are the backbones to the Hip Hop music. The final element is Tagging, and its graffiti. This is actually a controversial issue because many people believe its wrong. But it’s a form of art to the culture, and it shows character of each artist. Its definitely not just about claiming area by the gangs, and its not just about vandalizing other people’s property. People need to admit that New York City would not have its flavor that it has today without all of those artwork, and there are many artists that put up their pieces just so they can show others what they got. It’s a way of communication in the form of Hip Hop. Many other types of music can be a culture too, and each person feels if it is a culture to them or not. If music means culture to that person, then they probably feel that uneasy sensation of going to bed without music, going on the train without your Walkman, and have that anger towards vacuum  cleaners. Music also is a form of communication when there is the kind of society where people understand one another through it. Which creates influences on others, and makes music grow.

Brazilian Democratic Transition And Consolidation

Brazilian Democratic Transition And Consolidation Brazil, which is the largest country in South America and fifth largest country in the world, is also a political and economic leader in its continent. However, among the many nascent Latin American democracies, Brazil’s road to democracy was the most challenging (Linz and Stepan, 1996, p 166). Its democratization (1974-89) followed a cyclical pattern which alternated back and forth between quasi-democratic and authoritarian systems (Huntington, 1991, p 41). After a brief period of electoral democracy in the 1930s, military coups took control of the nation. The next three decades witnessed Brazil’s long authoritarian rule that was governed by a series of stable but harsh dictatorial regimes. In the 20th century, Brazil embarked on the path to electoral democracy, which was led by Vargas, the elected President. However, his rule plagued Brazil with several rebellions caused by military officers, the spread of communism across the country, and brutal tortures by governme nt agents. Thus, the short period of democracy ended and Vargas established a populist dictatorship. In 1945, military coup supported by the Brazilian oligarchy finally overthrew the ineffective and harsh leader. Brazil then plunged into a long authoritarian rule from 1964 to 1985, in which the military government held power and democratized Brazil through five major stages (Codato, 2006). It was this period of uncertainty and unrest caused by violent prolonged military dictatorship that created the climate for political compromise and democratic obligation. Causes for the breakdown of authoritarianism such as splits in the military led to the demand for re-democratization in Brazil. Democratization finally occurred in 1974 and coincided with the ‘Third Wave’ of democracy. One will be surprised and wonder how Brazil’s long period of authoritarianism under the reign of three capable leaders, Branco, Silva, and Medici’s leadership sparked a possible shift to a democracy. What factors pressured each successive military leader to concede to democratization? After a long military dictatorship, what caused the next administration, Geisel, to democratize Brazil? Finally, to what extent has democracy been consolidated? This paper will attempt to answer the above questions. I will first give a contextual knowledge about Brazil’s political transition which occurred in five stages, over the span of thirty years. Next, I will explain the reasons that caused the breakdown of authoritarianism in Brazil. Finally, I will evaluate the extent to which democracy in Brazil is consolidated based on its obstacles and threats, and suggest ways in which the democracy can be stabilized. History of Brazil’s Political Transition Establishing military dictatorship The first stage of Brazil’s political transition corresponds to the Castello Branco and Costa e Silva administrations (March, 1964 – December, 1968). The military ceased it s leadership in 1961 when vice president Joà £o Goulart resigned from presidency. He resigned with hopes of being reinstated again by popular demand, but was denied by the military’s fear of him being a communist. Following his resignation, the regime encountered difficulties in finding a new leader as no civilian politician was suitable for the existing revolutionary factions in governance. After fifteen days, Branco became the new president and managed to reform the political-economic system (Hudson, 1997). Being anti-Goulart and disapproving of his ruling methods, Branco rejected the extension of his presidency beyond Goulart’s term, or the institutionalization of the military’s power.

Marketing (ethics) - URGENT- needed within 8 hours Essay

Marketing (ethics) - URGENT- needed within 8 hours - Essay Example In the fast changing environment of globalization and advancing technology, leadership initiatives in business decisions become extremely important part of organizational performance. Indeed, affirmative actions encourage creativity and innovative practices that give a unique perspective to participatory approach. It also facilitates adaptability to changing equations, which occur due to rapidly changing environment of emerging business processes and societal norms that is increasingly becoming pluralistic. In the rapid globalization, it is imperative that organizations look beyond the racial prejudices and include diversity in their core strategy so as to exploit their vast potential. The organizational performance of the last 15 years makes it imperative for the managerial leadership to formulate new policies and strategies that would create encouraging and credible business environment and promote confidence building among various stakeholders. The huge potential of Steve needs to be exploited for the benefit of AgFunds. Another very important point is that the positive relationships inculcate positive attitude and self confidence amongst the various stakeholders, including customers. The positive attitude would help promote strategies that would help overcome the problems and seek solutions that would encourage better understanding and emotional adjustment with the changes. Montgomery (2008) asserts that leadership initiatives become crucial because managerial leadership is ‘more about getting the idea right at the outset than living with strategy over time...strategy must be a dynamic tool for guiding the development of a company over time’. It is time to look beyond the color of skin and make merit the major factor for creating effective and result oriented marketing team. Hence, Steve becomes a natural choice. Indeed, the agricultural community of rural Arkansas needs to be buoyed with innovative ideas and products and services that would

Human Resource Management Study Report on Grimshaw's Quality Textiles Essay

Human Resource Management Study Report on Grimshaw's Quality Textiles - Essay Example Despite problems in the industry QualTex is surviving. It makes clothes for well-known supermarket chains, and given the explosion of this part of the market, is managing to turn a respectable profit 2. The company has a reasonable reputation as a local employer, the rates of pay are good for the area, and it has an unproblematic industrial relations record (at least there haven't been any strikes in the last ten years). However, it does have a high labour turnover, there have been some worrying health and safety issues and a couple of serious accidents at the factory in recent months. It also has a reputation as an 'old-fashioned' place to work. All issues to do with personnel and industrial relations have been managed by the Managing Director and his PA. The PA keeps the personal records of all employees and the MD has published a number of Personnel Policies to cover 'Absence', 'Discipline' and 'Regulations on wearing Personal Protective Clothing at work'. The MD expects the section managers to 'manage' the people issues in the factory 3. What are completely missing are any training, learning and development activity other than the minimum of health and safety training, and some cursory induction training on appointment. Focused Point # II: The workforce of the factory has recently been stunned by the news, which was announced by the Managing Director on 1 December last year. The announcement was as follows: 'In order to ensure the survival of QualTex in these difficult times for the textile industry, the company will merge with Grimshaw 's Fabric Company with effect from 1 January 2007. This is not a take over, but must be seen as a new partnership of long-standing successful Lancashire Textile manufacturers. The merged company will be registered at Company's House under the new name of 'Grimshaw's Quality Textiles'. This is a startling development. Grimshaw's is a highly successful textile manufacturer, which has modernised its plant and streamlined its production at its factory in Accrington. Unit costs are kept to a minimum, employees are paid minimum wage rates, but are part of a profit-sharing scheme and get good payouts at two crucial points in the year, immediately before the summer shutdown for 'Accrington holidays' and again before Christmas. Health and Safety records appear to be good, with a reduction of 'incidents' since 2004. There have been some difficulties with industrial relations and there was recently a walkout by employees protesting about the low level of pay 4. Focused Point # III: The threat of losing last year's Christmas profit share bonus brought everyone back to work very quickly. The management of Grimshaw's has a reputation for being tough. "If your face doesn't fit...you 're out' is a frequent complaint amongst Grimshaw's employees. Grimshaw's employs a Personnel Manager who is responsible for the issue and implementation of personnel policies and

Research Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Design - Essay Example The researcher considers the impact of confounding variables while attempting to establish the effect of the treatments by measuring changes in the dependent variable. Central to this design is random assignment. In a sense, this is the only design that can truly establish to greater degree than other designs the cause-and-effect relationship between and among variables. This is done through statistical methodologies to measure if the changes observed are significant enough to warrant causality. An example of these statistical tools is the ANOVA. The quasi-experiment, as opposed to the true experiment, does not employ random assignment. Instead, the subjects are chosen out of convenience to be part of a particular group. It can be said then that somehow the researcher may be measuring the effects of confounding variables rather than the target variable. Moreover, the reason for including the subjects in a particular group can in itself serve as a confounding variable. However, this design also has a means of comparing groups. It also uses statistical tools to account for a cause-and-effect relationship. The single-case design relies solely on an individual subject or a group of subjects to test and compare the effects of treatments. Central to this design is the baseline measure from which the researcher compares the posttest measurements.

Exporing the Social Application and Consequences of Eugenic Theory Essay

Exporing the Social Application and Consequences of Eugenic Theory Using Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray and Wells' Time Machine - Essay Example , ought to reproduce according to scientific principles to generate the best possible genetic pool†¦Eugenicists regarded their movement as a rational and humanitarian effort to improve the human condition (Barrett 497). However, the eugenics movement led to the policies adopted by Hitler and the Nazis in their genocide of the Jewish people. Germany is not the only country to have a history of eugenics in official policy; the United States sterilized many people with mental handicaps in the 1920’s under the ideal of improving the human race. The genocide of World War II and the sterilization of mentally handicapped people are examples of extreme and direct eugenic policies. There are, however, less direct ways in which eugenics is implemented, such as through social classes. People of an upper class refusing to associate and mix with people of a lower class keeps these social classes genetically separate. Such an idea can be found in The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. H.G. Wells, however, attempts to show the consequences of implementing such a eugenics policy in his novel The Time Machine. In viewing these works together, we can see how Wells was responding to the sort of ideas found in Wilde’s work and the negative consequences of such policies. The promotion of the separation between social classes can be seen most clearly by the title character Dorian Gray and Lord Henry Wotton. In specific, we can see how their attitudes towards Dorian’s involvement with the actress Sybil Vane and Dorian’s admittance to the murder of Basil Hallward most clearly states these ideas. These attitudes, though not directly advocating eugenics, clearly would lead to the fragmented society portrayed in Wells. Dorian falls in love with the actress Sybil Vane mostly because he finds her to be incredibly talented. In eugenics, it is believed that talent is genetically linked (Field 3), so since he found her so talented she was acceptable as a mate, even

Who Gets to Let States Back into the Union Assignment

Who Gets to Let States Back into the Union - Assignment Example Later, Andrew Johnson, a ‘paragon’ of the Southern Unionism, was appointed the military governor of Tennessee by the President, Abraham Lincoln (Para 3). Johnson after being granted control of Tennessee started working for the assimilation of Tennessee with the Union by organizing a civil government based on the principles laid down in the constitution of the United States of America. He stunned his constituents by siding with the Republicans who favored oppressive Reconstruction for the South. Johnson took aggressive and stern action against those not willing to show allegiance to the Union by going to the extent of declaring execution of mutineers. He was very hard with the secessionist powers, and declared, â€Å"Treason must be made odious, and traitors must be punished.† (Para 4) He was firm in his belief that loyal Tennesseans would become role-models for Confederates to embrace the Union but he lacked the diplomacy of Abraham Lincoln. President Lincoln presented in December 1863 the â€Å"Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction† plan, popularly named the 10 percent plan (Para 6). As per the plan, 10 percent of the population would take the oath of allegiance to the Union and government could be organized. Johnson wanted the â€Å"tall poppies† to fall down; he was least worried about the threats from cavalry leaders and citizens (Para 6). Johnson was severe in dealing with the Confederates and Unionists to swear that they â€Å"desire[d] the suppression of the present insurrection† (Para 6). After Johnson became the Vice-President, William Brownlow became the Governor but as the things turned out after the assassination of Lincoln, Johnson became the President. His partial attitude towards white men became the reason for starting an ideological struggle in the White House for Reconstruction.  

How concerns of commerce and business spur on the development of Essay

How concerns of commerce and business spur on the development of mathematics - Essay Example The term mathematic was derived from the Greek word mathema to mean an instructional subject. Mathematical methods were further refined by Greek mathematics and that lead to expansion of the subject matter. The value system was a contribution by Chinese mathematics whereas the numeral system and its operational rules were from the Hindu (Kline 200). The roots of mathematics lie within the concepts of magnitude, number and form. The number concept has been gradually evolving with time and has lots of support from languages existence that provide distinction between numbers like one and two or many (Menninger 77). The most ancient demonstration of prime numbers and sequences is thought to have been from the Ishango bone, which was found in Congo near the Nile river headwaters (Avner 87). That bone was approximately 20,000 years old and it had a series of carved tally marks running in three columns as per the bone length. There are arguments that the prime number concept came after divi sion concept. It has also been claimed that, geometric designs were represented pictorially in 5th millennium BC. Other geometric ideas like ellipses, circles and Pythagorean triples were incorporated in England and Scotland monuments (Menninger 77). The history of mathematics is explained further by the contribution of different countries believed to have been involved in its development. Babylonian mathematics defines mathematics of Sumerians, people from Mesopotamia (Hoyningen et al. 42). Its name relates with Babylon’s central role of study. Sumerians who drafted tables of multiplication on clay tablets, solved division problems and geometrical exercises evidenced written mathematics (Avner 87). Most of the clay tablets that were recovered included cubic and quadratic equations, fractions, algebra and calculations of pairs of regular reciprocal. Quadratic and linear equations solutions were also included. Egyptian mathematics is defined as mathematics in Egyptian language (Avner 87). The Rhind papyrus is its extensive text and it is a manual of instructions for students in geometry and arithmetic. It gives multiplication methods, area formulas, working out unit fractions and division. It also shows knowledge of composite, prime numbers, and arithmetic. It also describes how geometric series and linear equations are solved (Hoyningen et al. 42). Greek mathematics is also called Hellenistic mathematics. It was more complicated than other mathematical genres. Others used inductive reasoning and repeated observations for rule establishment but Greeks used deductive reasoning (Mumford 105). Calculations of volumes and areas of curvilinear figures were introduced and great advancement in geometry reached. The Euclidean geometry theorem introduced subjects of the time as algebra, number theorem and solid geometry (Kline 200).This theorem proved infinity of many prime numbers and the irrationality of the square root of two. This theorem was also thorough on subjects such as optics, conic sections, mechanics and spherical geometry (Hoyningen et al. 42). In Chinese and Middle Eastern advances, there was pie estimation by circumscribed and inscribed polygons. They were also particular in notation of the decimal system, development of the Chinese algebra and

Operations Management Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Management Master - Case Study Example From this study it is clear that the operations being highly decentralised, with most of them being managed by unit heads designated for each profit centre gives them the operational flexibility and also the confidence among the customers to involve into a long term relationship. This could certainly help Globalcast managers to insulate the external impacts or disturbance experienced in the other regions of the globe from having a chain reaction on their business process. Thus the globally operated companies functioning in the specific locations would be confident in entering into long term associate ship with Globecast. The relationship marketing strategy adopted by Globecast is another important aspect that would give long and stable established relationship with their customers. The primary step in establishing a marketing link with the customers was through the word of mouth recommendations passed by their customers. The marketing analysis report presented has shown that the most of their businesses are repeat business which shows the reliable customer base they have continued to enjoy. Even through Globecast have not created a well planned strategy for its marketing operations, they were able to retain the position as the lead suppliers for most of the global giant's requirements for in different type of product components justify this aspect. Of course, it is understood that national level promotional exercise is being undertaken simultaneously. But the impact it have shown is very feeble considering the manner in which the business targets are achieved by Globalcast over these period. Further, it must also be observed that the in spite of the wide options for the entry of the competitors for such wide range of requirements exist in most of the emerging industries, Globalcast still remains as the prime choice for the customers shows the trust and confidence that their operation shave created in the minds of the customers. The widely spread operations by G lobecast too would be of considerable advantage in consolidating their business with the clients, as any inability for delivery at any one location could also be offset by proper intervention from the production support by the other Globalcast centres. This study stresses that the technical competence the Globecast have demonstrated in the past have resulted in the least cost production units, which are also very attractive for their customers. The capability of design assistance to their customers would too give the added reliability of the operations of Globecast which in turn would help the customers to turn their operations also very efficient. Also, the strength of their networks, supply capability and after sales support all add to the support they have enjoyed in the past. Also, even in such a monopolised business environment, Globecast have never been complacent and is quite obvious that it strives hard to see the benefit of the business continuously reaches all its customer s. This is clear from its future plans for expansions that have been necessitated by the growth potential of the customer organisations.

Professional Athletes Essay Example for Free

Professional Athletes Essay Companies that use professional athlete have the right to use that endorsement at their discretion. This question is difficult to answer as a whole because there are so many factors that occur. When it comes to a contract or obligation the bylaws of such agreement can lend both parties to not fulfill the agreed terms. Most athletes are held to a standard that is based upon their role in their specific sport. The star or leader is usually held in higher regard than the 12th man on a team. With that said the argument for companies comes from a different perspective so its lends one to speak from both sides of the argument. I have to take the affirmative for the companies even though I believe in the marketability of the professional athlete. In the case of Micheal Phelps his ability to perform at a high level has led directly to the rebound of his image. Tiger Woods on the other had way more to lose at the time of his marital problems. In turn his on course performance has not been at the level in which we are use to seeing of him. He has no amassed the same fervor or attention for positivity as a Micheal Phelps. The bad play on the course as not lifted the stain of all the negative press that he garnered. Had he been even more successful on his playing field he more than likely would have been able to get companies to get back on the Tiger train. Companies, tend to use athletes that match their persona, the bigger the name the bigger the company. Image is so important to what a company is trying to convey about its product and service. Most companies have their values listed somewhere near their corporate profile. The two have to match. The values of a company must meet the value that is percieved the by the value of the product. The best and most current case of this is with Lance Armstrong, his Livestrong Foundation and Nike have distances themselves from Lance. He was a very visible and outspoken spokesman, he had a following  that added to his legend on an almost daily basis. The findings that there was unanimous evidence that he was using PEDs (Performance Enhancing Drugs) to win in his sport was detrimental to not only his incredibility but it clings to a company like Nike being a company built on the athletic prowess of athletes from a varied amount of sports. So as a company what do you do? You have no choice but to cut ties with this athlete not just because he lied but the implication can be made that Nike and its athletes also lie and use PEDs. You cant blame a company from wanting to distance its brand from that of a liar and cheater. In a different effect the Livestrong Foundation has a separate delimma to look at aside from the moral issue. They have a financial conundrum that affect the legacy of what Lance did for cancer and cancer research. The livestrong bands that are so popular in our community, were marketed to people on the basis that the proceeds from the sale of the bands go to the fight against cancer. People that associate Lances image struggle with his Foundation have become outraged. Here it is, this â€Å"winner† who was at the pinnacle of his sport lied on top of lying he cheated. He used his acclaim and sickness to capitalize on a disease and in turn not only made money for the foundation but also lined his pocket. The only recourse it seems the foundation had to take is to severe ties. Companies have a obligation to their shareholders, They have a obligation to their employees as well. The obligation to the shareholders and employees comes in the form of profit and money. Imagine if your brand is built on honesty and integrity. Your marketing and advertising say you are honest but your commercials have a Tiger Woods or Lance Armstrong there is a clear distinction that these two athletes have had trouble with honesty. The audience can then place your brand with dishonesty which can lead to losing business. As a bottom line all companies want to make money. You tend not to do things on a consistent level that contradict the reason why most businesses go into business, to make money! Performance is also a factor in whether a company will give an endorsement to an athletes. We are a culture that tends to use the what have you done for me lately concept when it comes to our professional athlete. Businesses also use this practice to capitalize  on the success and marketability of an athlete. If there was a ethical issue the easiest way for that athlete to get the endorsements back or to gain new is to win. Winning is the cure for any image problems because it covers up the moral and places emphasis on the practical. In the case of Peyton Manning, Buick comes to mind. He did not play in the NFL in the 2011 season. He suffered tremendous neck injuries that put his playing future in jeopardy. He lost several endorsement deals not because he had a moral issue, in fact he is one of the top professional athletes in the world when it comes to image. In 2012 he was picked up but another team and that team has been success, Buick looking for a spokesman to embody the brand of Buick they went with Manning. He was not high on their list they dropped Tiger and needed to find a spokesman that matched the brand. Companies have to make the decision to drop or keep an athlete based on so many factors. The need to satisfy the bottom line and the customer is always a hard task. The hardest part is picking the right spokesman that can push the brand, product or service. It is hard because these athletes have personal lives, these athletes are human, they make decisions at times without thinking about what company has paid them to speak about their product. The company has to make sure that they include language in the contract that can help the athlete make inclusive decisions. The moral clause is always a good way for a company to protect itself from the damage that can happen when favorable decisions are not made by an individual. It is up to the athlete to make sure he wants to keep the money and fame that can come from being on commercials and in ads by Fortune 500 companies. I feel as though they do not think about the overall consequences of their actions or how it may affect their decisions. This is where the company comes in and can make up for that. Its egoism from both sides. A athlete can act unbecoming and lose it all but due to great performances he can redeem his career. While the company can extend a 2nd chance allowing the athlete to be in the public eye again. Its a line that both have control over but in the world of business and sport the lines are so often blurred. In the end the companies have the right to giveth and the right to taketh away.

Who Killed Polomino Molero Essay Example for Free

Who Killed Polomino Molero Essay This is a narrative about the chaotic investigation of Palomino Molero. The story takes place in a small town in Peru during the 1950’s. There are two distinct worlds in this novel. The first being the Air Force base a few miles from town where the officers live in clean houses. They come equipped with gardens, swimming pools, and sufficient amounts of food. Then there is the poverty-stricken, hot and humid town where the locals live including Officer Lituma and Lieutenant Silva. Lituma comments when they visit the base that â€Å"They really live it up.  Like the gringos at the IPC, these lucky bastards live like movie stars behind their fences and screens. † A young boy stumbles across the mutilated body of a young man, Palomino Molero. Molero was soldier in the Air Force base miles from the town. He was found with â€Å"bruises, cuts, [and] cigarette burns†¦they’d even tried to castrate him; his testicles hung down to his thigh† (Vargas, p. 3). Officer Lituma witnesses the gruesome murder scene after the young boy runs to town and informs him. Officer Lituma of the Guardia Civil and his boss, Lieutenant Silva, begin their investigation. Throughout the story, Lituma watches his superior officer with admiration because of his knowledge and experience in criminal investigation, though that does not stop Silva from sharing his feeling about a fat, old lay named Dona Adriana with Lituma. Lituma and Silva discover that Molero enlisted in the Air Force voluntarily and was infatuated with a lady that lived near the base. This leads Lituma and Silva to question Colonel Mindreau, the commanding officer of the base, but get nothing but hostility and sarcasm. During their questioning, the colonel’s daughter, Alicia is introduced in the novel. Later in the story, Lituma and Silva discover from an old lady in a neighboring town that Alicia and Molero were lovers and left the Air Force base to get married. Alicia finally makes contact with Lituma and Silva and admits that she and Molero did love one another and because of it, Colonel Mindreau ordered Alicia’s ex-boyfriend to kill him. The investigation concludes with Colonel Mindreau admitting to the murder to Lituma and Silva before committing suicide. Vargas used a great amount of visuals in this book. The atmosphere and setting of every scene was thoroughly described. When Lituma and Silva visit Amotape to speak with Dona Lupe, Vargas describes the town as a place â€Å"surrounded by sun-parched sun-parched rocks and scorching sand dunes. There are dry bushes, carob thickets, and here and there a eucalyptus treepale green patches that brighten the otherwise monotonous gray of the arid landscape. The trees bend over, stretch out and twist around to absorb whatever moisture might be in the air; in the distance they look like dancing witches† (Vargas, p. 64). Although the novel is a mere 150 pages, the reader experiences every physical setting as though they were traveling all across town with Lituma and Silva. This helps the reader to become more aware of the situations taking place in the story. Aside to the physical settings, the reader can easily feel the sense of classism. It is obvious that the Air Force is looked upon as superior to the citizens of the small town. When Lieutenant Dufo makes trouble in the local bordello, no one reacts. He even â€Å"unzipped his fly and peed on all the whores, pimps, and customers he could reach† (Vargas, p. 40). The owner of the bordello, Liau admitted that he was â€Å"scared shitless of the guy† (Vargas, p. 41) when Lieutenant Silva suggested he take his complaints to Colonel Mindreau. Furthermore, Colonel Mindreau reveals that the people of the town are inferior to him and his officers when he responds to Lieutenant Silva’s accusations saying â€Å"These are the families of the officers. Not the families of the noncoms or airmen. Only the mothers, wives, sisters, and daughters of officers† (Vargas, p. 34). Who Killed Palomino Molero? is very short story, yet there are many tales compiled in this novel: The question of who did it and why play a significant role, Lieutenant Silvas intimate fantasies about the Dona Adriana, and her reactions to it, and even a bitter love-story between a colonel’s daughter and one of his enlisted soldiers. All of these stories build up to quite a suspenseful ending.

Postmodernism in Amélie (2001)

Postmodernism in Amà ©lie (2001) With reference to key theories studied on the module and one of the films from the given list, critically analyse the image system of the film, and the ways in which supports to convey specific meanings. You must comment on the way in which the narrative, meaning and mood are supported by the formal elements, and draw connections with the relevant historical, cultural and genre contexts. My essay will argue that the image system of Amà ©lie (2001) and the post-modern style adapted by Jean Pierre Jeunet, was one of the key aspects which lead to the film’s huge success worldwide. I intend to explore how the levels of realism and formal elements within the film, develop the narrative and mood, with reference to historical developments in French film and critical viewpoints. To clarify, when I say foreign film, I am referencing the films which are foreign to Hollywood and the other predominant production companies in western culture. The film Le fabuleux destin dAmà ©lie Poulain was highly successful not only in France, but around the world, with a Domestic Total Gross of $33,225,499. It was also nominated for five academy awards including Best Foreign Film (Box Office Mojo). The film has a very distinct â€Å"look† derived from its image system and form, which has become part of French director Jean-Pierre Jeunet’s auteuristic style. He has been described by Eisenreich (2004) as â€Å"the national filmmaker who develops the richest visual world, combined with a technical mastery and artistic sense†. There are many critical essays and reviews written on the stem of Amà ©lie’s success in the mainstream film industry, many putting it down to the feel-good nature of the narrative, others suggesting it was the unique cinematography and mise en scene. Elizabeth Ezra (2008) states that Jean Pierre Jeunet, as an auteur, has a highly postmodern style. I am inclined to agree with this point, as Amà ©lie is such a stylised film that the viewer is rarely emerged completely in the film. The audience is always aware that they are in fact watching a carefully structured and composed piece of work. According to Braudy and Cohen (1999) postmodern cinema is a deliberate mixing of different genres and film styles, pastiche and exposing the nature of a constructed text. As filmmakers, such as Jean Pierre Jeunet, are becoming increasingly aware of their audience’s active role in viewing their films, they have begun to use the conventions of postmodern cinema to their advantage. An example of a postmodern device often used in Amà ©lie is â€Å"breaking the fourth wall† where the character directly addresses the viewer. Amà ©lie looks directly at the camera in many close-up shots. These shots are carefully composed and use a wide lens, creating more depth in the frame. This also distorts her already elfish face, emphasizing her large eyes with an expression that includes the audience in whatever joke or feeling she is experiencing. This technique is an easy way for Jeunet to emphasise her role in the narrative and engage the audience so that she is a sympathetic character to the viewer. As well as the distinct postmodern style, Jeunet seems to take inspiration from older film techniques. In Rà ©mi Fournier Lanzoni’s book French Cinema: From its Beginnings to the Present (2002) it is noted that the locations and characters in Amà ©lie are highly reminiscent of Poetic Realism films, a movement of French cinema in the 1930s that combined â€Å"naturalism and lyrical stylization† (Lanzoni 2002). The majority of the film was shot on location in the centre of Paris; however, unattractive aspects such as graffiti and rubbish bins were digitally removed in post-production. Using this technique meant that even the real modern Paris resembled the poetic-realist sets of the 30s. In my opinion, this approach makes the film feel removed from any particular timeframe, as if it is an ecosystem unaffected by the concerns of the wider world. This also means that it is strongly juxtaposed with the gritty realism of social dramas set in Paris made at a similar time, su ch as Mathieu Kassovitz’s â€Å"La Haine† (1995). Steinberg (2001) argues that this makes Amà ©lie seem highly unrealistic, saying â€Å"Jeunet’s Paris is a thoroughly sanitised version of the real thing; clean, free from honking cars, tourists, foreigners and other complications. Even the beggars are happy in such an idyllic Paris† Adding to the slightly surreal version of Paris created by Jeunet is the bold colour palette, the most dominant colours being red and green, often complemented by yellow. These colours create a very warm and positive tone to the film, as they seem to emulate old footage and perhaps evoke a nostalgic response from the viewer. This again distances the film from modern day, despite the use of modern day technology. The colour red could also be recognised as a motif in the film, as it is present in almost every scene; Amà ©lie’s clothes, the garden gnome’s hat, the flowers and tables in the cafe as well as many other objects. Jeunet also uses black and white when providing flashbacks, such as Bretodeau’s memories conjured by the treasure Amà ©lie leaves him. This may have been done simply so that it would fit with the archive footage of the Tour de France; however I believe that it also provides a contrast with the bright bold colours in the rest of the film. Stanley Cavell proposed that in cinema, often, black and white represents reality whereas bright colour portrays fantasy (Cavell 1979). In Amà ©lie, the narrative is focused on the main character; therefore the abnormal colours used could be seen as representative of her highly imaginative and playful outlook on life. This also suggests that the reality which the viewer is witnessing may perhaps be entirely constructed from Amà ©lie’s imagination. Ben-Shaul (2007) explains that some films attempt to make their simulacrum so believable that it is â€Å"invisible†, so that the characters and situation are the primary focus for the viewer. Others use an obvious range of cinematic techniques to replicate a certain type of reality the filmmaker wants the audience to experience. As previously mentioned, the mise en scene of Amà ©lie seems to be a product of Amà ©lie’s imagination; this means that the film becomes somewhat hyper-realistic. Baudrillard’s theory of â€Å"Hyperreality† (1994) describes when a film blends both reality and fantasy together so seamlessly that it is hard to tell what is real and what is not. I think that this is an essential theory to consider when understanding Amà ©lie, as some parts of the film which might be taken literally, may perhaps be figments of her imagination. However, many aspects of the film show very obvious uses of CGI, such as the imaginary crocodile that Amà ©lie plays with as a child. There are many comical moments in the film, for instance Amà ©lie quite literally breaking down into tears after not plucking up the courage to speak to Nino. There are also more serious uses of special effects, which are very noticeable, yet more subtle, for example Amà ©lie’s daydream of Nino sneaking up behind her in the kitchen. This sequence uses a split screen which resembles a thought bubble, showing Nino approaching Amà ©lie’s back whilst larger section of the frame shows Amà ©lie’s reactions from the front view. The use of these techniques, especially the animation, contribute to the film’s novelty factor, surprising and exciting the audience. If his use of CGI tells us anything about Jeunet’s auteur style, it is that he is not concerned with absolute realism. He enjoys the artifice of film and extends it as far as he can, integrating the fanciful with the actual while avoiding â€Å"cheesiness†. Equally important in creating Jeunet’s uncompromised auteuristic style is the wide range of shots, angles, and editing techniques. Vanderschelden (2007) notes that many of the camera techniques used throughout the film are â€Å"playful†¦reinforcing the light-hearted, cartoon-like tone†. I agree strongly with this statement, as the film is rich with interesting and unusual camera angles and pans, which perfectly reflect the characters portrayed. Montage sequences are liberally used in Amà ©lie, and are a key element to the style of the film. The whole opening of the film appears to be montage, the very fast paced shots of Amà ©lie’s childhood, from conception, to birth, to being five years old, to being fully grown up. According to Eisenstein’s Montage theory, the juxtaposition of opposites or similarities allows the filmmaker to shape the mind and emotions of the viewer. I feel that Jeunet chose to show Amà ©lie growing up at such a roaring pace, juxtaposing her childhood years and adult years, to show the audience how much she has changed and how much she has stayed the same. This device not only adds a â€Å"quirky humour† to the film, but it also introduces the fast paced and frantic tone of the film, allowing the viewer to gain a lot of ‘pointless’ information in a very short amount of time. The use of sped up footage is used throughout the film, accompanied by loud sound effects to keep the pace of the film up. The pacing up also works to create a surreal and quirky feel to the film. An example of this is when Amà ©lie cuts up the letters in a blur of speed. I found this added a little cartoon-like element to the film, as well as allowing the viewer to understand what it happening. Other examples of this in the film are the sped-up linking shots between Amà ©lie visiting the various Bedoteaux (not Betodeau), again accompanied by racing car noise sound effects. Another technique Jeunet uses in Amà ©lie is the use of a handheld camera. An example of this is in the fast paced scene where Amà ©lie takes the blind man by the arm and tells him what she sees. The handheld camera adds to the spontaneity of the scene, as it follows Amà ©lie’s sudden decision to help people. The scene is over very quickly, leaving the blind man stood appreciating what has just happened, and the handheld camera turns into a crane shot which swoops above, highlighting the significance of that moment. Often in films such as Mathieu Kassovitz’s â€Å"La Haine† (1995) the handheld camera is a technique which adds realism and makes the film seem much more dramatic. I feel that in Amà ©lie, the opposite effect is achieved, as the handheld camera is not used extensively, and is only used in times of excitement and joy, such as the final scene of Nino and Amà ©lie riding on the moped in a fairytale-like ending. Instead of adding realism, the handhel d camera conforms to Jeunet’s unique style, and adds to the surrealism of the film. Jeunet successfully uses a lot of panning and tracking, adding also to the fast pace established by the other techniques. For long periods of the film there is constant fluid movement, with the camera circling characters or swooping over scenes. The audience is often placed in an observing position, with the camera standing at a distance to the action. We are used to this convention in film but we are also used to being invited to get close into the action when it is appropriate, for instance if there is an important conversation. There are some occasions in Amà ©lie where we expect to be closer in to the action than we are, for example in the closed cafe, when Amà ©lie suggests to Georgette that Joseph likes her, we are positioned in a corner behind the stacked chairs, as if suggesting that we are eavesdropping on the conversation. This adds an air of secrecy and mystery in the film. An extension of this is when we see the action through a window, or an actual physical barrier, such as the conversation between Amà ©lie and Nino in the cafe where they talk through the glass screen. And removing the audience even further, binoculars and video cameras are used by the characters in the film in some scenes, lending an air of voyeurism to their, and consequently our, role. In addition, the film appears to be shot as a picture. Many of the scenes are framed; each looked pretty as a postcard and reflected her status of an observer. Scenes framed as pictures.

Liberalism in Early American Literature :: essays research papers

Liberalism is the foundation of America. This ideology is found in the country’s early fledgling literature and in the very document that made America free. Both the selected works of Phyllis Wheatley and Thomas Jefferson are actively working for the ideology of liberalism, which is a political ideology that is against any system that threatens the freedom of the individual and his natural rights and prevents the individual from becoming all the individual can be, specifically the importance of human individuality and the freedom of humanity from subservience to another group. The natural rights of man, in the words of John Locke, are â€Å"life, liberty and property.† These passages compliment each other because they are both in the support of the ideology of liberalism and support the freedom of all members of the human race. The big picture that is at stake is that the ideology of liberalism was the principle founding ideology in America and it was presence was felt in the social context via literature. The importance of human individuality and the freedom of humanity from subservience to another group was a crucial point in the ideology of liberalism. Therefore, when liberalism is found in literature, it carries the same determining factors. In a section of the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, Jefferson writes â€Å"He has incited treasonable insurrections in our fellow-subjects, with the allurements of forfeiture and confiscation of our property.† This language supports liberalism because Jefferson makes it clear that the â€Å"treasonable insurrections† were not caused by the people themselves but by King George III, i.e. an overbearing government and therefore it places the â€Å"fellow-subjects† in a subservient position. Another support of liberalism by this quote is the mentioning of the â€Å"confiscation of our property† which is, by way of John Locke, an infringement of natural rights and therefore an infringement of human indivi duality. Since Jefferson is condemning these infringements, he is then supporting the opposing view, which is liberalism. Jefferson also writes â€Å"He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating it’s most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This statement is actively working for the ideology of liberalism by stating the life’s most sacred rights are life and liberty, which goes back to the statement by John Locke. By using the term sacred, Jefferson has created a sense of religiousness in his argument.

Cadaver Organ Donation :: Health Medical Essays

Cadaver Organ Donation Recently, TV Land aired a 1975 episode of All in the Family in which Archie Bunker tries to impress his boss by being the first in line to sign up for the boss’ favorite charity (Bogart 1975). It is not until Archie is holding his donor card that he realizes that he has signed up to be an organ donor. This causes great anxiety for Archie which manifests itself as more stress than usual, worrying about his age, and problems sleeping. Archie finally goes to rescind his donation and states that it is for religious purposes. Archie states that he had a dream in which he has died and is driving his taxi toward heaven. As he is driving toward heaven, people begin taking parts from the taxi. As he continues, people begin removing parts from Archie. When he reaches heaven he is not allowed in because God does not recognize him due to so many parts missing. Another humorous piece concerning organ donation is from Monty Python's Meaning of Life. In â€Å"Part V: Live Organ Donations† Mr. Brown answers the door and finds two men who have come to take his liver, which Mr. Brown states that he is still using. The two men wrestle Mr. Brown to the ground and find on him his Liver Donation Card. Mr. Brown states â€Å"Listen! I can't give it to you now. It says, 'in the event of death'.† One of the men respond with, â€Å"No one who has ever had their liver taken out by us has survived,† followed by a very bloody removal of Mr. Brown’s liver. Mrs. Brown enters the room and confronts the two men who respond that they are taking Mr. Brown’s liver. After she realizes what is going on she sees the entire episode as being Mr. Brown’s fault for signing the donation card in the first place (Gilliam and Jones 1983). These two views of organ donation in the popular culture make light of reasons why people do not register to be organ donors; however, they do reflect many people’s anxieties about being an organ donor. An example of this is found in a Boston Herald front page article where the removal of organs from an eighteen month old boy, not for the purpose of transplant, was called â€Å"heartless.† The child’s mother stated, â€Å"Our son David was all heart, and now he is buried without his heart.

Forensic Science Essay -- Forensics essays research papers

Forensic Science, also known as Forensics, is the application of science to law. It uses highly developed technology to uncover scientific evidence in a variety of fields. Modern forensic science has a broad range of applications. It is used in civil cases such as forgeries, fraud or negligence. The most common use of forensic science is to investigate criminal cases involving a victim, such as assault, robbery, kidnapping , rape, or murder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Forensic science is also used in monitoring the compliance of various countries with such international agreements as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Chemical Weapons Convention and to learn whether a country is developing a secret nuclear weapons program. It can help law enforcement officials determine whether any laws or regulations have been violated in the marketing of foods and drinks, the manufacture of medicines, or the use of pesticides on crops. It can also determine whether drinking water meets legal purity requirements.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The medical examiner is the most important individual in an investigation of a crime involving a victim. It is the responsibility of the medical examiner to visit the crime scene, conduct an autopsy (examination of the body) in cases of death, examine the medical evidence and lab reports, study the victims history, and put all the information together in a report to be turned in to the district attorney. Medical examiners are usually physicians specializing in forensic pathology, the study of structural and functional changes in the body as a result of injury. Their training and qualifications most often include a medical degree and an apprenticeship in a medical examiners office. In the field of forensic science, there are many subspecialties. They include odontology (the study of teeth), anthropology(the study of human beings), psychiatry, biology, chemistry, physics, toxicology (the study of poisons), and pathology (the examination of body tissues and fluids). The medical examiner may call upon forensic scientists who are specialized in these fields for help in a crime investigation. Toxicology is a branch of forensic science that deals with the adverse effects of drugs and poisonous chemicals found in the home, at work or in the environment. All drugs have toxic effect but the effect is most often minor. The toxic effect of drugs... ...d, communities began requiring that coroners have specific academic training. In 1877, Massachusetts replaced the coroners office with the Office of the Medical Examiner, which was to be headed by a physician. Soon many other states followed. In 1915 New York City established a program where the medical examiner was authorized to investigate all deaths that occurred to people who appeared to be in good health, that resulted from criminal violence, accidents, or suicides. Computer technology now allows law enforcement officers o record fingerprints digitally and to transmit and receive information for quick identification. Recent developments in technology allows scientists o examine the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or genetic material of blood, hair, skin, or semen to see if they belong to the victim or the suspected criminal. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a lab can clone the DNA from a very small sample of one of those substances. Forensic science as practiced today is a field of science medicine that uses electron microscopes, lasers, ultraviolet and infrared light, advanced chemical techniques and computerized databanks to analyze and research evidence.

Secret Life of Bees

1. Coming of age: A coming of age novel is a novel in which shows the transition of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood through a physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual journey. The Secret Life of Bees is a coming of age novel for Lily because she matures and loses her innocence. For example in chapter two Lily makes a mature decision to leave home because she finally realizes that how T. Ray is treating her is vile and un-fatherly. (Kidd 39-43). When Lily comes to the bee farm, she finds that there is goodness in the world. When she finds this goodness she grows up a little more and adds more experience to her somewhat small view of the world. 2. Literary Allusions: A literary allusion is something in the text that references to something that the audience would recognize. For example the book references Moses delivering God’s people out of Egypt, and the other uses that allusion to tie together how the bees are the one’s that delivered Lily away T. Ray. Lily says that the bees â€Å"were sent as a special plague for T. Ray. God saying, Let my daughter go, and maybe that’s exactly what they’d been, a plague that released me. † (Kidd 151). This allusion is tied to the plot because she is referencing the bees to the classic story of Moses, and also talks about how the bees were her escape from T. Ray. 3. The bees are important to the story because they are the ones who have appeared to guide Lily throughout the entire book. In the beginning of the book she traps a few bees in a jar but feels guilty about leaving them in a jar so she opens the jar to let them free, but the bees don’t leave right away, it takes them awhile to finally leave (Kidd 27-28). The bees continue to be a motif because they signify how each bee has a purpose, just like each character has a purpose. This is important to May’s death because if one bee leaves the hive things go crazy and so May was the bee that left and this left the entire hive in a fury (Kidd 192-214). The bees are also a motif in the title because in the beehive Lily has this big secret that she continues to keep from everyone and this is where the title The Secret Life of Bees has most likely came from. 4. The river is relevant to Lily’s coming of age because with this river Lily sees death and this probably reminds her of her mother’s death. Also Lily gets a more clear understanding of death because of the river taking the life of May. The river is also symbolic because the river makes up the stones that make the Wailing Wall and so Lily finds the sadness in the wall and finds out about May’s pain and sadness (Kidd 80-83). With this information Lily is able to grow up and figure out more about the world itself outside the beehive. 5. Setting: The setting is essential to the story because with the time period first of all if it took place in modern time Rosaleen wouldn’t have gone to prison, nor would those men have been aloud to beat her up without getting in trouble. Sadly this was a time when people treated black people poorly as if they were still slaves in a sense. Something else that would have been different is T. Ray wouldn’t have been able to treat Lily the way he had and this is essential to the plot because if T. Ray hadn’t gotten away with being an awful father than Lily probably wouldn’t have run away from home. The time period is important to how this story plays out for if it had been a different time period this story wouldn’t have happened. 6. 7. 8. Foil: In the story it is obvious in short period of time that June is quite different from her older sister August. While June is cold to people and shuts them out, especially Lily, August is calm, caring, motherly, and the queen bee. June is very protective of her self where August is outgoing and let’s people in no matter who they may be. For example June wants to essentially throw Lily out on the street because she wants to keep things easy, but August says that Lily needs to stay until she is ready to leave (Kidd 86-87). This is one of many times where August and June clash in personalities and this is quite important because it moves the plot along. Secret Life of Bees During the Civil Rights Movement there was a lot of hatred and violence between the black community and the white community all because of skin color. When Whitney Moore Young, Jr. states, â€Å"Together, blacks and whites can move our country beyond racism and create for the benefit of all of us an open society, one that assures freedom, justice, and full equality for all†, Whitney means that if all the hate is put aside, the community, even the entire country, can overcome anything. Racism can make or break a community or just a simple friendship.In The Secret Life of Bees, a novel by Sue Monk Kidd, worlds collide during the time of prejudice and racism. In the novel, a young girl tries to find herself within a black family, and learns more than she expected about herself, then she would anywhere else. She sees how even she, herself, has evidence of slight racism in her mind. When racism takes over of a society, it does not just change the mind of one person. It changes the mind of many, causing relationships and friendships between people to falter or grow.Racism can cause a dilemma with relationships between people and cause them to be at a thin line. When Lily and Zach are eating lunch after a day of work, Zach explains his dream job and what he plans to accomplish in the future. When Lily hears about it she cannot believe it. She has a sense of annoyance. Without even knowing it, she is being a bit of a racist when she states, â€Å"I’ve just never heard of a Negro lawyer, that’s all. You’ve got to hear of these things before you can imagine them† (Kidd 121).Lily does not realize she is putting Zach down by saying the statement above. Zach became defensive and stood up for himself, but surprisingly did not hold a grudge. It was more of him teaching Lily a lesson that the most famous and intelligent people do not get where they are by being unoriginal and uncreative. They get where they are by imagining what has never bee n seen before. Right around when Lily and Rosaleen first get there, Lily has a thought that suddenly seems to prove to her that she does have some prejudice in her and she is not as open-minded as she thought.Her thought after meeting August is, â€Å"Since I want to tell the whole truth, which means the worst parts, I thought they could be smart, but not as smart as me, me being white† (Kidd 78). Lily suddenly feels like she has learned a lesson about herself by meeting August and the Boatwright sisters. Until this point, she has understood racism as an act whites only committed towards color people. Nevertheless, Lily respects and feels devoted to August, and this respect and devotion begins to grow the relationship between August and Lily into something similar to a daughter-mother relationship.This only proves how racism can make or break a relationship, because you can either offend or learn from what you are doing and thinking. Racism does not just go one way and it nev er will. Everyone as different thoughts and everyone feels differently about certain things. It is a way of life almost. Lily discovers this once she begins living in the Boatwright house when June makes a statement, â€Å"But she’s white, August† (Kidd 87). When Lily overhears June make this comment, she becomes angry and thinks how absurd it is to dislike someone for their skin color.What Lily does not seem to realize right away is that it is the same thing when it comes to the discrimination white people have towards color people. This is an interesting moment in the novel because white people do not usually experience this type of discrimination and it confuses Lily at first but later realizes the reason June does not like her is because of the color of her skin and who she is. It only helps prove how racism can cause a relationship to never even be close to a relationship.The prejudice that goes around society also influences the way relationships are made and how they grow because society almost influences everything done and how it is done. An example of this is when Zach tells Lily, â€Å"Lily, I like you better than any girl I’ve ever known, but you have to understand, there are people who would kill boys like me for even looking at girls like you† (Kidd 135). Zach says this to Lily regarding any potential romantic relationship between them. This comment shows how unfair racism can be and is.Young love is typically carefree and easy and something you look forward to. However, as young teenagers, Lily and Zach have to think about the prejudices of the rest of the society because how dangerous it can get. Racism is not something that will ever really go away in this country or anywhere else as a matter of fact. It can break apart an entire nation just because of the way people think and look at things differently. Even though that is how things already are, when it comes to something so serious like racism though, there is a very thin line that people seem to cross a lot.It all just impacts the society and how it works because of a certain group of people see things a different way then it causes people to feel like what they do can be wrong if it is not approved of. People should just respect each other and let everyone be. It can really bring the nation or just a small community together and that moves the generation forward into something so much bigger and stronger. It is how Whitney Moore stated that if we can all learn to move forward as one, it can become an open society, full of all the wonderful things a society should be filled with.

Enviromental Effects of Air Pollution and the Urban Area

conduct contamination has been and is a growth environsal problem that is closely relate to the growth of urban settlements. While the cities and towns of the introduction grow larger they unwrap to a greater extent and more toxic rises ar do out into the strain. The purpose of this paper is to discourse the issues that surround channel taint such as the great terminus impacts of credit line defilement, the soon term impacts of variant defilement, the vast term outlook of ventilate contaminant, the pithy term outlook of parentage power contamination and the latent solutions to the air befoulment problem. port pollution is an environmental problem that affects severally and e truly one of us to roughly degree and it is important to understand why air pollution happens and how we keister push back steps to control it. Air pollution has a direct connection with urban environments all everywhere the world. With an outgrowth in industrialized countries , the of use of cars, factories and as well as the use of go offs such as fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gasses, like degree centigrade dioxide and due south dioxide, into the air, there has been a definite full in air pollution oer the world (Mayer, 1999). on that point are some diddle term trans feats that air pollution throws to the urban areas and to the people who are brio in those areas. The first short term effect of air pollution is that it cigaret cause health issues for the inhabitants of the area. Air pollution can cause the inhabitants to channel itchy throats and irritated eyes. It also has been relate to causes bronchitis and pneumonia (Silverman, et al, 2007). Short term air pollution exposer can also cause an increase the rate of allergy infections and asthma diagnosis to the people who spicy in the area.The short term effects on environment range from smog clouds can cause the health issues, like the ones previously mentioned (Silverman, et al, 2007 ). There are also long term effects of air pollutions that are very serious to the environment and the people who live in high grime areas. presbyopic term air pollution exposer can get hold of devastating effects on the health of the people who live in the area. Some of the health risks that have been think to long term exposer consist of inveterate respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and defame to the brain, kidneys or liver (Mayer, 1999).Children who are living in a highly polluted area risk developing theses diseases at a higher rate the form children who do non have long term exposed to air pollution. huge term air pollution also has devastating effects on the environment. maven of the more serious effects is that air pollution is slowly deteriorating the Ozone tier. The Ozone layer is build in the stratosphere and it plays an important role in protecting the earth from the suns ultraviolent rays.Due to the increase in greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxid e, methane, and nitrous oxide, the Ozone has developed holes and this allows harmful ultraviolet light B-radiation to reach the earth. The increase of B-radiation is harmful to humans, plants and animals, and it is a known cause of Melanoma. The increase of B-radiation is al slipway extremely harmful to plants. It causes a lessening in plant growth, height and damage to the leaves of plants (Tong, 2011). There are some probable ways to turn off, but not fully solve, the air pollution problem that is effect most urban areas.One of the ways that the countries around the world have determined to reduce air pollution was in 1997 at a United Nations convocation in Kyoto, Japan. During the conference countries signed a treaty, the Kyoto Protocol promising to combat planetary warming by reducing the emission s of harmful greenhouse gasses that a produced my industrial factories. Unfortunately, claiming that that the treaty was not in the best interest for their county, the United States did not sign the treaty (Murray, 2001).Another potential way to reduce air pollution is through technology advancement. Using the bleak technologies to replace fossil fuels, such as coal burning and oil use, would developed lower the gas emissions that cause air pollution and eventually cause the ozone layer to deplete. The short term outlook of air pollution on urban indian lodge is somewhat hopeful. Many cities and countries have begun or are beginning to take action in reducing the amount of pollution that is released into the air by the industries, cars and citizens.Many cities have started using different sources of energy, like solar power, in place of the fossil fuel energy sources that are the main contributors to air pollution. The long term outlook of air pollution is that, with many countries pledging to reduce the pollution over the coming years, the levels of air pollution testament be lower in the future. Unfortunately, there is much debate over how greenhou se gases affect the ozone layer and globose warming. Until this debate is over and people can agree, not enough action will be taken to help reduce the air pollution in the urban setting.

Reaction Paper About UNICEF Cities Failing Children Essay

As a Filipino and young person of this country, Ive appreciated UNICEFs efforts in regards with the children who argon in need. It is not easy to aggregate info of the countrys status just to barrack how atomic number 18 the citizens especi all in ally the children be treated and back up by the countries, particularly of their local politicss or cities where they are settling. However, the report and data were compiled and reported by defer of the Worlds Children of UNICEF though it was an article, reported a few(prenominal) years ago (March 7, 2012), still it makes me feel self-conscious and burdened, knowing that many children are deprived of most(prenominal) basic services and necessities that actually they should have. In addition, UNICEF cited Philippines as an example of their article entitled, Cities Failing Children. The report kingdoms that children (Filipinos) who active in poor urban even some other class of urban communities experience deprivations such as l ack of decent housing and limited annoy to clean water and they are more(prenominal) opened to disaster risks and are also more habituated to neglect, abuse, and exploitation.It proves that our government is not doing the part that they should be performing, want what we have learned from our previous lesson, Power of the assure the three inherent power of state specifically the police power, which states that it is the sovereign power to promote and cling to the general wellbeing it is the most pervasive and the least(prenominal) limitable of the three powers of the state, the most essential, consistent and illimitable which enables the province to prohibit all hurtful things to the comfort, safety and welfare of the society, these just become meaningless at all for in reality, this power is not being to the full exercised and practiced by our government. In my opinion, our government should at least exert extra sympathy or attention with this kind of difficultys rathe r than to their own agendas and non-sense conflicts of their parties.I think it is not impossible for the Philippines to cure and sort out this kind of task if we just unite and our government stop their not-so-needed plans because I strongly believe that the true(a) wealth of the nation is the children and next generation, but if this problem continues and testament not be given attention, I assume that next coming years lead be more hard to live for. Nevertheless, its not late to do something for this kind of problem it is just a matter of love, passion and silver dollar of our government and even ofus that are more blessed than them. Further, I never lose consent that one day Philippine government and perhaps with the supporter of UNICEF, will use the power of the state to build and create a better future for our generation especially for those children deprived of their basic take or even their basic rights and solve a lot of problem within these children.Therefore, a s a Filipino informed of this matter, we should take responsibility to do something for our beloved country. I have learned that I should have not take for granted things that I have because almost half of our population are deprived of the basic needs that I already have. I dont want to telephone anything but I will try to do the best I can to serve and help our nation. Hoping that after few years, UNICEFs report near Philippines even their report about the world will be better and be full of confide and great future for the people and most of all, for the children.

Questions for Stuff

1. What issues shared out the Whigs and Democrats? How did the dread of 1837 and its airstream solidify the elective and Whig parties? How did the considerable immigration of the 1840s make the equaliser of authority among the Whig and elective parties? 2. In what slipway did the concept of prove fatality yarn-dye the exotic and field policies of the US in the age 1840-1850? What stinting and g overnmental forces federal official due west expansion during the 1840s? 3. why did Americans peg in Texas? How did it go an separatist bucolic in 1836? 4. wherefore did the U. S. bide until Tylers net long time in office staff to assume Texas?What problems did the annexation of Texas stick to the farming? 5. What were the countries that claimed the operating room rule? How was the feud at last colonized? 6. What were the arguments that both(prenominal) sides industrious for and against dismissal to warfare with Mexico? 7. How did the eruditeness of the Mexican ceding light a national believe? 8. To what consummation did the compromise of 1850 dally a actual clashing of the minds minglight-emitting diode with northerners and southerners? How, specifically, did the arguing over enforcement of the laugher buckle down perform take to the undo of the compromise? 9. wherefore did the Whig company present in the wake up of the Kansas-Nebraska lick? wherefore did the antiauthoritarian fellowship non break down? 10. How did the eruption of meshing in Kansas operate the nurture of the republican political company? 11. wherefore is prank Browns assail on Harpers convey considered a remarkable historical offspring? 12. What led southerners to reason out that the trades union was lot non and on constraining territorial reserve slaveholding only to a fault on extinguish thralldom in southern states? 13. What was the syllabus of all(prenominal) party in the alternative of 1860? Why did capital of Neb raska come after? 14. How would YOU inform the causes of the civilian state of war?

Distance Education Essay

Similarities and Differences among Richard total heat lee(prenominal) and Abraham capital of Nebraska A mute domain, Abraham capital of Nebraska seldom talked rough his childhood. He was standardizedwise discin angiotensin converting enzyme casert by his ever ut or so(a)ing(a) family bindingground. (Gienapp, 1) He correspondently k unsanded undersize roughly his ancestry, assuage for what his military chaplain doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas repeatedly narrated astir(predicate) his grand cause organism kil guide by Indians objet dart push to string knocked out(p) a spring up. (Gienapp, 1) He was infixed in a unity-room logarithm cabin, construct by his take suffer. He grew up on a farm, which was at premier rented, tho lastly was nonrecreational for by his fore experience from his scrupulous stab as carpenter and lockermaker.Although he was exactly literate person, he performed several(prenomina l)(prenominal)(prenominal) classic duties and appeared several mea true in the topical anaesthetic anesthetic records of his club, having a sacredly straight and moralistic re pullation. On the different(a) evanesce, Richard henry lee debated was the scion of virtuoso of the dependances for the for the stolon age period families. The depression Richard lee(prenominal) came from Worcester, Eng shoot where their family was into the fable and batch of cloth. Upon the wipeouts of his parents, their bugger offs chum salmon was a fightded guardianship of him and his trey br some new(prenominal)(a)(a)(a)s. Richard was direct to the chain armorulates to supporter hit the roof the family production line. 25 old age since his r for each one(a)ing in Jamest cause, Richard d ingest make itd had amassed 10,000 acreas, 3 hookdlets in Jamest bear and cognize an historic-looking m unrival conducty fashioning(prenominal) conglomerate that spanned some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) emplacements of the Atlantic. The polished contend in England and the Cromwellian interregnum had curt tripd(p) the d admitwind creasees. By the simplicityoration, Richard had mulish to move his family to England, planning the prototypicborn, antic, for in conclusion assumptive maintain of the family business in England and the States. Upon Richards last at forty-five, he had prosperingly ensured that his triad sons would delay the familys well-fixed transatlantic m geniusy fashioning(prenominal) message empire. tin understructure and Richard II returned to the closure and dissever centering of the business. The terzetto son, Francis, stayed in capital of the United Kingdom as their sky pilot wished, to be the familys capital of the United Kingdom commercial agent. This morsel genesis of leewards shifted the family business from pelt avocation to baccy plant, c everywhere an adaptability to challenges insid e the deliverance and Virginias idyll giving medication. When Richard II became the familys patriarch, he well- introduce the reinforcement of gentility brotherly relations jokeh the barbarian disposal as the surest room of retaining purple patronage.This utilize was delay by the ordinal ex tension of lees. Thus, contempt the disarray in their transatlantic interests chase the death of their capital of the United Kingdom sibling, Thomas, the tierce patriarch tended to policy-making matters in Virginia and shied forward from their capital of the United Kingdom affairs. Thomas entered the g everywherenmental man with a fugacious rootage attempt, the moment was non just successful in the bear of burgess scarcely innovative hike up to the Council of State. His man and wife produced sextette children, atomic number 53 of whom was Richard enthalpy.Richard henry downwind was ten when the family locomote into the prospering Stratford Hall. His male childhood was washed-out bridle-path or so the plantation grounds, making admirers with the children of the strivers donjon on the plantation, unchained by agnatic watch. (McGaughy, 17) In crude(prenominal) contrast, Abraham capital of Nebraskas smell was that of a regular(a) innovator farm boy doing chores, such(prenominal) as cart piddle and chopping wood, and back up in the fields. The meshingground was to a great extent wooded, and since he was outstandingly unafraid for his age, the pontifical tyke was concisely wad to calculate modify land with an axe.He posterior recalled that from and then savings bank at nerve his cardinal trine year, he as near unceasingly intervention that intimately efficacious means less, of course, in plough and reap seasons. (Gienapp, 3) Thomas downwind use a windrous let out forth of sequence and push unlesston making sure his sons were on the watch to come to their bequest when the era cam e. (McGaughy, 18) He notwithstandingness the regard as of providing his children with accomplished education. triplet incompatible nurtures catered to the childrens require in breeding, writing, mathematics, Greek, Latin and religion.In accompaniment the children were introduced to dance, melody sagaciousness and executing lessons seriously. They were subsequent displace to England to take place their studies. This, perhaps, much than than allthing, else fostered a restricting beat in the midst of him and his children. The explosive deaths of both parents when Richard heat content was in his teens was power wide-cuty felt. He stray himself-importance from the rest of the family and furnish his feelings in a rime that was ulterior inscribe on Thomas gravest hotshot. The last verse line was think with what particularize hind end in that location be to our grief at the tone ending of so in a heartfelt counsel a friend (McGaughy, 32).The other Tho mas, Thomas capital of Nebraska, on the other hand, was besides literate and did non non cocksure oft foster on education. Abraham and his sister Sarah attend local schools for piteous periods nonwithstanding and by the time he was s all the equal, Abraham still could non write. Yet, even as a child, Abraham exhibited a intent zest for companionship and self improvement. He was exposit to wealthy person no postal code for anything get out reading. He read and re-read the check books that his stepmother, though unlettered herself, wanted k directlyledge, brought to their house. His start out did non pass of his unending reading.Thos capital of Nebraska neer showed by his actions that he plan a lot of his son Abraham when a boy, one Hanks family instalment noted, adding, He tough him kinda merciless than otherwise. Dennis Hanks admitted that Abrahams breed sometimes slashed him for neglecting his name by reading. (Gienapp,7) This would excuse Abrah ams nearness to his stepmother as his friend, kinda than his father, distant the lee(prenominal)s. He posterior verbalise that she had been his outmatch accomplice in this world and that no watchword could passionateness a breed more(prenominal) than he love her. (Gienapp, 5) He back up himself by manual cut into until he reached twenty one and he had move to in the al unitedly Salem, Illinois where he keep his self-education firearm operative as storekeeper, reserves captain and postmaster. He mixed-up in his first childs play for the state law-makers merely win a billet as a Whig 2 long time later. He served iv monetary value and gained state-wide familiarity for his inhabitancyspun(predicate) wit and integrity. This time, capital of Nebraska began his close try out of the law, borrowing books from a local attorney, and pull in his freedom to give in 1836.He colonised in capital of Illinois, the r developmentary capital, later onward his espousals to bloody shame Todd of Kentucky and became one of Illinois ablest lawyers. He was elect to the U. S. dramaturgy of phonations in 1847 for a individual(a) term, during which he gained economic aid for his immunity to the Mexican war and the fundament of Slavery. He switched to the in the buff re frequentan troupe in the beside choice and ran for the U. S. Senate once morest Stephen A. Douglas, to whom he lost. The die hard attracted internal fear because of the widely account debates everywhere the issue of thralldom in the territories.Ironically, his good- geniusd opposite had unwittingly tending(p) him the barge in not moreover to pay off his governmental career, only designate him on his path to the unobjectionable syndicate. This was the Kansas-Nebraska cause which repealed the passkey bulwark of thrall in the division of the atomic number 57 barter for and replaced it with take up-selling(predicate) reign to check on the locat ion of bondage. The turn out nuthouse of a be suck up (Gienapp, 49) mightily predicted by the proponent, Senator Stephen Douglas, brought together Whigs, Democrats, salve Soilers in outraged knowledge.contemplative Douglas motivations and the signification of this legislation, capital of Nebraska seemed more move than vulgar on the circuit. sanction home in Springfield he began reading the congressional debates on slavery, fetching notes at the State depository program library for future(a) use. (Gienapp, 49) On February 27, 1869, he delivered his noted cooper sum total speech, where he lambasted the federal government on the slavery issue, to an influential audience. In July, he won the nominating speech for bringment on the third right to vote at the republican concourse. The following November, capital of Nebraska won over 3 other candidates with just 40% of the popular vote.This was inconceivable to southern politicians due south Carolina, cursorily followed by 10 other states handily utilize this semblance to bust from the Union. When he arrived in majuscule for his outset as the untaughts sixteenth part death chair, the unite States of America had been formed. In 1747 Thomas lee had been decreed chairwoman of Virginias Council of State. dickens years later, he expect the governorship. As a tobacco planter, he was touch with having admission to westbound lands, nates for Englands and Frances argument for command in jointure America.With other planters, they say their hunting expeditions toward craftsmanship and finis of new lands for tobacco production. Thomas schematic the Ohio family of Virginia, which had been exchangeablened to the Virginia sleeper established in 1606, from which the Jamestown village sp come aboutg. His bequeath gave one of his both right plows to his eldest son, Philip. The encourage full share he split up equally among the young sons led by Richard total heat. T he twain oldest sons realized the implication of active voice association in the Ohio beau monde and in Virginia governing.In their fathers absence, they could save attain any gains if they dumbfound family supra person-to-person interests. Richard enthalpy decided to sue his fathers aspirations. Richard heat content and his full full cousin Richard clotheshorse won a fag each in the tin of Burgesses. They were presently followed by Thomas Ludwell and Francis, both Richard heat contents brothers, and some other cousin hydrogen. at heart one election cycle, the leeward family once again emerged as a knock-down(a) pick out axis vertebra in the home base of Burgesses, specially when have with their galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) friends and allies, (McGaughy 42)Richard henry became the spokesman of his family and the northerly fill out proprietors in the capital. He served on several important committees that in short put him in a jell that cha llenged Speaker-Treasurer John Robinsons utilisation as acquittance leader in tike politics since 1738. firearm the governor and the Speaker-treasurer challenge over tike leaders, Richard total heat worked actively to continue the war against the French. Among his duties was supervise the British and compound forces by regular equalizer with the highest be stancers in Virginias colonial militia.By the time the bestride of lot had true the agile interval of the offices of vocalizer and treasurer, the governor had announced holiday of his post and locomote to England. Richard enthalpys utilization in the effort to dismantle the offices of speaker-treasurer helped establish his leadership business office in the House. His causality tutor b lose lovage whiteness wrote to hook him, though surprised, at how quickly leeward had challenged the established leadership in the House so currently after misemploying his first election. (McGaughy, 44).Abraham capita l of Nebraska entered the presidential office certified of his lack of administrative experience. only if as president and commander in chief, he well-read from his mistakes. In his inaugural spoken language address he try to woo the Secessionists back to the Union, which responded with bombarding arm Sumter. capital of Nebraska reacted with a star sign hand he declared a turn back of southerly ports, authorized the good luck of Habeas head teacher in areas endanger by pro-secessionists. capital of Nebraskas conservativism do him concur the accompaniment that only a expeditious war would restore the Union, which was his uncomplicated aim.This fortify his result to win, contempt colossal battle casualties and ardent semipolitical opposition, from his own cabinet members and topic familiar spirit Republicans. He was e repelate not to cede his canonical constituency, the people of Yankee and horse opera states, mend travel the development of the war. He guardedly worded his freedom declaration to reduce anger devoted still slave owning states in the Union. corresponding capital of Nebraska, Richard henry leeward had a similar chemical attraction for books, which was bursted most when he became a family man and had his own home, Chantilly, away(p) from Stratford Hall.He construct an majestic library with about light speed titles, blanket historic topics and biographies, not to point out scientific, theological and philosophical studies, plus discordant literary industrial plant of Shakespeare, Milton, Jonathan speedy and Laurence Sterne. He had conservative views nigh slavery, himself. like many of his contemporaries, (Lee) evince unlike views toward slavery, expressing their hate of the design that refusing to abrogate it because he and other planters require slave labor to take out lucrative tobacco plantations.(McGaughy, 63) Richard enthalpys insubordination of convention is best exemplified by his response to the canon of the mould Act. He launched his own protest separate from his peers he led a promotion to the county courthouse parading effigies of Mercer, the prime-appointed form electrical distributor for Virginia and George Grenville, Britains lord of the treasury. Ultimately, Richard heat contents concerns for his and clotheshorse planters interests overtook the interests of the jacket in Virginia and the colonies.A serial publication of legislations make for the evolution of Richard Henry from liege British outcome with the interests of the steer at heart (in the footsteps of his father and grandfather) to American revolutionary. Their unequivocal childhoods and family backgrounds in no way prevented the event of similarities in their personalities, ambitions, careers, and family lives, not to arouse their fathers with the same first names. The antislavery borne out of Abraham Lincolns parents Baptist reliance had been internalized in him that he could not not fight for it.His patch up nature was sweep over by his wild propose to win the war. But, as mentioned above, he excessively exercised precaution in words to void rocking the gravy holder of his constituents who whitethorn have been devoted but were still slaveowners. As a revolutionary, Richard Henry Lee evolved. It could be set forth as almost like a natural evolution, if one traces a persons faithfulness and interests climb up from the self, radiate to the family, to the prompt fellowship and the larger community.When it came to a engagement of interests mingled with his own as a planter, a family man, and Representative of his community as unconnected to the interests of the Crown, it is short to subtract whose side he would take. to a greater extent so, when the interests of the Crown were to the detriment, loss and ultimate harm to his family and community. The goals of both Abraham Lincoln and Richard Henry Lee reveal their deeply national ism and advance bail bond to what their hoidenish (province, as in Lees case) had evolved into. Their political careers were run at bottom a example of what can be now termed public wait on in their hearts.